Organ Transplantation Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organ Transplantation - Personal Statement Example Rithalia et al. (2009) state that in the UK most cases involving alive donors are reported in the donation of kidneys. Most of the other organs come from deceased people. Despite the benefits of organs’ transplantations, this procedure has its share of limitations. For example, as Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) state, the organs available for transplants are usually in short supply, yet the number of people in need of transplants is ever increasing. This translates into a long waiting list, while demand continues to grow and more people die from organ failure. As Lawson (2008) states, the problem with the current healthcare setting is that organ transplantations rely so much on informed consent that many unnecessary deaths are occurring, yet good organs, which can be used to save people’s lives, are being buried and cremated. Presumed Consent during Organ Transplantation To increase the supply of organs, medical practitioners have been forced to use various means to obtain organs. As Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) state, the conventional method is â€Å"opt-in†, in which a person voluntarily donates his/her organs to needy patients. Using this method, the donor should authorize the removal of organs after his/her death, by, for example, carrying a donor card, or being a member of the national registry (Price, 2000). However, since these donations still do not meet the growing demand, practitioners tend to use the â€Å"presumed consent† method. According to Liddy (2000), presumed consent assumes that everyone wishes to donate their organs after death, unless the person has â€Å"opted out† of the system. This is despite the absence of a clear indication that the individual donating the organs have given their consent for the procurement process. According to Lawson (2009), the presumed consent system allows for organ procurement after the death of a person, unless the deceased had objected to this procedure before their death. This scenario, according to Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) creates an â€Å"ethical crisis†, where critics argue that the deceased may not have known the laws governing organ donations, and would not have, therefore, objected. Legal and Ethical Issues Affecting Presumed Consent during Organ Transplantation On legality grounds, Ammann (2010) writes that from a legal standpoint, every adult of sound mind should have the ability to make decisions concerning any actions towards one own body. It is, therefore, argued that the presumed consent model violates free and informed decision making; thus, undermining personal autonomy. In addition, some critics argue that presumed consent is not legal since it assumes that every person who does not opt-out of the system wishes to donate their organs after death. This, however, is not the case, considering that majority of people are ignorant about such an option and may, therefore, be unwilling to donate, yet fail to opt-out. As a result of not opting-out, such people may end up donating organs even though they never intended to become donors (Liddy, 2000). Presumed consent can either be â€Å"hard opt-out† or â€Å"soft opt-out† depending on the available legislations, as well as ethical considerations (Ammann, 2010). The hard system does not consult the family, while the soft one considers the wishes of the family before starting on the organ procurement proces

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Research Paper Example However, the highest number of students was found to spend averagely, having their clothes purchasing expenditure between $150-450, which is the category that exceeded half the number of female students sampled in the study, at a 55%. However, the statistics for the male students gives a totally different picture, with a substantial 14% of the male students spending between $0-50 per semester, a number that is also equal to the male students who spends above $450 per semester. The male students spending pattern is interesting, considering that those spending between $50-150 and those spending between $150 to 450 were also equal, at 36% in each category. The statistics of the students with a favorite brand for clothing was however peculiar, since the male students seemed to have a higher rate of preference for brand clothing, compared to female students. 45% of the female showed a brand preference, compared to 55% who did not, while the male students who had a brand preference stood a t 48%, while 42% did not show any interest for brand preference. Nevertheless, the overall number of students who indicated a preference for a certain brand was higher, standing at 52%, while 48% of the students did not show any brand preference. Do you have favorite brand for clothing? Female Male Total Yes 15 21 36 NO 18 15 33 Among the sample of 69 students, 33% seemed to have a brand preference from a company that utilized animal fur, wool or leather in manufacturing clothing, while 31% did not prefer brands from a company utilizing animal products for cloth manufacturing. Nevertheless, 33% did not seem to know the materials used by the company from which they have a brand preference. 22% had a brand preference from a company that utilized renewable materials, while 25% had a preference for a company that did not utilize renewable resources. However, the majority did not seem to know whether the company from which they have a brand preference utilized renewable or non-renewable materials, accounting for 55% of the students with a brand preference. Even with the knowledge that the company from which the students had brand preference