Exposure to mass media proliferate smoking

Albert Bandura theorized this far fetched fact in his modeling theory. The debate carried on this article delineating smoking to be injurious is strongly founded and has far reaching evidence in support of the same.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exposure to mass media proliferate smoking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thesis Statement: Although advertising of smoking is illegal, the media and particularly the actors and actresses have been used to propagate smoking against the attempts to reduce the habit. The author of the article has pinned up real facts against the background of reality that sadly exists behind the anti campaigners of the perceived vice. The author is strongly aware of the existing facts on the ground like measures put against the advertisement of the tobacco products. The author’s work is well partitioned from subjectivity through the numerous citations that are used in the work. T he author uses the essay, â€Å"Women and Smoking in Hollywood Movies: A Content Analysis,† to surface how indirect marketing has been carried on tobacco products. In the essay the author directly points out the statistics that are provided on the percentage smokers who admitted to have started smoking before reaching the age eighteen. The author uses the facts found from various works to link with scientifically researched theory to support his argument; this elevates the writer from subjectivity that would portray personal feelings. For example the author links the findings from the essay, â€Å"Women and Smoking in Hollywood Movies: A Content Analysis,† to Albert bandura’s theory of social learning to prove that since most smokers, 71 percent, admit to have started smoking before the age of 18, it follows then that their smoking habit had most likely started at teenage as a result of media influence. The author appreciates the influence the media has on chara cter formation citing that most adolescent have actors and actresses as their role models. The writer continues to assert that many young women are likely to be influenced to smoke upon the sight of other women using tobacco product on the screen.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author also strongly relies on studies that specialists have carried out on his or her subject of argument to weed out all the likely misconceptions that can form flaws on the subject. The author refers to studies conducted by a trio to prop up the argument. The writer sequentially lays down the procedure and methods of the study to enable his or her readers to form strong mental images of the series of events and issues that were surfaced in the study. The chronological array of events in the study with actual days of research and findings, prints out reality and easily enable the readers to c onnect the subjects of the study with the actual events that concurrently takes place on the ground. The chronological mappings that are well captured in the essay also enable the readers to access the situation with their own eyes and draw a comparison with the past. The author uses different materials to help elevate all the readers to common ground. For instance the author uses a mix of magazines, studies, films as well as scientifically researched theories such as the social learning theory to aid the readers from different backgrounds to have view that is not tinted on the subject. The use of evidence for example the films are well sampled to avoid any bias that would arise if the study was focused on a specific geographical area or films directed to a particular group of people only. The number of films studied was fifty. In addition to the numerous films in use, analysis was done on the movies and the content reduced for easy comparison. The author, much aware of the likely a reas of challenge on his or her work, considered different set ups, environments, locations, characteristics and social context to factor in the variations that are likely to arise from the disparity of such factors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exposure to mass media proliferate smoking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, the movie ratings were also compared to avoid biasness of a particular group only. For example the author say, in PG/PG-13-rated films the number of negative messages was significantly lower than the positive messages (9:22) compared to the R-rated films, which depicted a better ratio, 21:31. The comparisons that have been drawn from the different movie categories bring out the possible attempts to influence their target audience. For instance the essay captures this, movies aimed at young audiences were less likely to carry negative messages associated with tobacco use than we re movies made for mature audiences. The indirect influence of the media is brought out to direct the women and men alike to smoking in order to achieve some ends. For instance, it is captured that women were most likely using tobacco to manifest their power, control their emotions as well as enhance their sexual appeal. These are likely lures to influence according to the author. This essay on Exposure to mass media proliferate smoking was written and submitted by user Melody Gentry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

human origins essays

human origins essays For years, the evolution of human beings has been researched and studied. In today's society, there are many different interpretations on creation and how humans came to be what they are today. Through much scientific evidence and studies, there is now physical proof that human beings may have evolved from ape-like creatures. Even with this, there are still disputes in the paleoanthropological field of whether or not this is true. Still, many choose to believe their religious creation stories where a God created humans. Whether it is Johanson's idea on human evolution or Leakey's or even the Roman Catholic's creation story, all are an individual own interpretation and neither wrong nor right. A paleanthropologist by the name of Donald Johanson is one of the many who have a very different view on the origin of humans. In 1974, he discovered forty percent of an individual dating back to 3.5 million years ago. The individual, Australopithecus afarensis or "Lucy" is believed to be the common ancestor of the true Homo and Australopithecus lines. A year later, in 1975, Johanson found the remains of thirteen individuals who may have possibly died in a flood. They were named the "First Family" and were dated to be between 3 and 4 million years old. They were also Australopithecus afarensis. Announcing his conclusions in 1979, Johanson believed that Australopithecus afarensis was the root to both the australopithecine's and Homo lines. He concluded that afarensis evolved into three different directions. One was Australopithecus africanus and the other Australopithecus robustus and boisei. Both became extinct. The last direction it took was Homo habilis (million years ago) who b ecame Homo erectus (1.7 million years ago) and then Homo sapiens (300,000). Ultimately, his theory makes reasonable sense and may in fact be true. However, Richard Leakey did not seem to think so. In 1961, Jonathan Leakey, Richard Leakey's brother ha ...

Brainstorm one of the ten topics given (pls refer to description Essay

Brainstorm one of the ten topics given (pls refer to description uploaded) - Essay Example The Wal-Mart was founded in 1962 in Rogers, Akansas by Sam Walton. Expanding the number of outlets based on the success of the initial outlet, Sam Walton replicated the winning formula in to the Wal-Mart Chain of outlets. The company was incorperated as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.in 1969. It was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange in year 1972. In year 1990 the company becomes the largest retailer in USA. Its foreign operations start in 1991 with a store in Mexico city. Since then the company has grown locally and intenationally with a host of strategic acquisitions such as the Woolco- canda, ASDA-UK and Amigo- Pueterico. The ompany holds 9% of the US retail storemarket share by revenue. Out of every $100 spent in U.S. retail shops, $ 8.90 is spent every year at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is the largest employee in USA, Canada and Mexico. The company operates its own real estate company which is the largest in the United States. Wal-Mart alos operates the largest private sattalite communication system which links its suppliers and stores located globally. 138 million shoppers across the world are catered by Wal-Mart each week. 82% of American households have made at least one purchase at Wal-Mart. Its scale of operations is as big enough to impact on the US economy itself. â€Å" Wal-Mart increased the US economys overall productivity by three-quarters of a percent by highly efficient distribution systems and pressure on suppliers to be more efficient† (Wikipedia) Wal-Mart operates 5 categories of outlets. These include Wal-Mart Discount Stores , Wal-Mart Supercenters, Wal-Mart Neighbourhood Market, Sams Club and Wal-Mart International. It also operates Wal-Mart Online. These store formats differ by their average floor space and merchandise. Sams Club which operates on deep discounting basis caters to small business owners who are members of the club. The supercenters feature exprsess Lube

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literary Analysis - Essay Example The plot describes her character since the death f her father. Emily is described as a society monument. Her significance in this particular society was generated from her father’s participation in the civil war. However, Emily portrayed negative behavior as her father died. She stayed from the society for along time staying confined in her house. She later interacted with the society and fell in lover with a mason, Holmer. Her wish to be married to him was dashed as she went back to her confinement behavior. At one time in the novel, she bought a bottle of poison which she was believed to poison herself with. However, this took long that expected. Her confinement from the society enabled her to be secretive till her death. After her death, the society also realized that she was also involved in the death of Holmer after his body was found in her apartment (Ruthmann 33). The reviewing the use of figurative use in the novel, the character of Emily is rampantly represented. Her versatile characterization enabled the author to represent her in more that one figurative speech. The figurative perception was also based on the perception towards her. One significant figurative representation of Emily was her reference to as a society monument after her death. ... Her personality was compared to that of men and men in the novel valued her character. In this regard, her personality was a unique feature among women in the society. Using a figurative explanation of her character, the author referred to her as a man. Holmer pointed out that he would not be married to a man (Morton 23). Referring her to a man was based on her strong personality and character. In an argument by Ruthmann the referring to Emily as a man by Holmer is a symbolic way in which portrays the strong character of Emily (56). Additionally, in regards to Emily’s character women in the novel setting were afraid of confronting her as they used to consult the police or authorities to intervene in case an issue arises. This symbolically portrays the strength and significant perception of Emily. Additionally, Emily’s family was a symbolic representation of the strong personality she possessed. The significance of this figurative display of Emily’s character play ed a crucial role in the in the novel. The plot of the novel required a strong feminine figure that would represent the preferred feminine character by the author. In terms of forecasting the events in the novel, Emily’s figurative representation of her character was significant. For instance, when she purchased a drug the community was certain she had a negative idea in her mind in regards to the drug. The mood in the novel also revolves around the character representation of Emily. The turnout at Emily’s burial ceremony was a figurative representation of her significance in this particular society. The burial ceremony experienced a huge turnout as men and women from all social classes attended her burial. Emily was a controversial figure in the society but she

International Parity Conditions Research Proposal

International Parity Conditions - Research Proposal Example The degree of real interest rate parity depends on the scope of uncovered interest parity and relative purchasing power parity. Actually, uncovered interest parity denotes financial investment between money and foreign exchange markets. The relative purchasing power parity means investment in goods and services. Thus the real interest parity condition embraces components of both real and financial integration. According to Roll (1979), under the efficient market assumption, ex ante-attention from purchasing power parity are unpredictable. (Frankel, 1991), for instance, proposes that breach of ex-ante relative purchasing power parity is linked with an uncompleted combination of goods markets. capital is open to shifting. For example, an optimal firm fixes its marginal product of capital equal to the consumer cost of capital. The consumer cost of capital is nominal interest rate (without considering taxes and depreciation) attuned to the rate of inflation of its output. Thus the real interest parity is a signal to the equalization of the marginal product of capital. A refinement is drawn in using parity conditions to assess integration. That is, if a parity condition is discarded, then expansions and reductions of differences may happen as a result of either more economic integration or greater union of economic policies, or both. differentials and the coefficient figures are applied to evaluate whether the real interest rate parity condition holds. There is an extensive literature on testing real interest parity according to (Mishkin (1984), Mark (1985), and Cumby and Mishkin (1986)). Example: U.S. investor has $1 to invest, say for one year.   Here, two strategies are to be considered: 1) Investment in U.S. Treasury securities at $, at the domestic interest rate, or 2) Invest U.K. treasury securities at i £, and hedge FX risk by selling maturity value of  £s forward one year.

Purchase Behaviour Analysis: Perfumes

Purchase Behaviour Analysis: Perfumes Ajmal Perfumes is a family owned business, based Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was founded by the Haji Ajmal Ali in the early 1950s, in India and has grown from a modest trading house into a multimillion dollar corporate entity. Through 60 years of experience it acquired rich heritage and know how in the intricate art of perfumery and carved a niche for itself in the perfume industry as an innovator in perfume making and a pioneer in the marketing of perfume products to a global clientele (Ajmalperfume.com, 2011). It is a corporate entity with a vast portfolio of over 300 of the finest and most captivating fragrances and has over 140 exclusive retail outlets across the GCC. Ajmal also has a presence on the international front, currently exporting their exquisite range of products to 30 countries across the world and exclusive presence through select Duty Free locations and Airlines (Ajmalperfume.com, 2011). (Source: http://www.ajmalperfume.com/our_philosophy-pcident-1) Statement of the problem Due to current market conditions, which is highly competitive and dynamically changing, especially in the location of this particular store, Ajmal Perfumes is concerned about the situation around it. Hence this study aims to outline the attributes influencing purchase behaviour Ajmal Perfumes customers. Objective of the Study The main objective of this study is concerned in outlining the factors which influence the buying behavior of Ajmal Perfumes customers in their retail store located in Murshid Bazaar, Deira, Dubai, UAE. Scope and Limitation of the Study Main limitation of this study was the privacy issue, as the store where data collection was held provided limited access to its customer base and information. Hence the study did not covered the demographics of the respondents, which if used could bring a change in the final results in our opinion. Also due to limited resources and lack of time the research was limited only to the branch of Murshid Bazaar located in Deira and its results cannot show the situation in other branches of Ajmal Perfumes in UAE. Significance of the Study The study of consumers buying behaviour as such is an important aspect, as consumers are the main factor of any successful business. It was observed that the importance of predicting the attributes influencing the consumer purchasing behaviour in retail outlets is important. This particular study explores the different aspects that have impact on consumers buying behaviour in the retail outlet of Ajmal Perfumes. The results of which can help to take according actions against weak sides of the business, understand and implement the necessary attributes to increase the satisfaction of customers of Ajmal Perfumes. Definition of Terms Confidence level. A percentage or decimal value that tells how confident a researcher can be about being correct (Zikmund, 2003). Descriptive research. A research designed to describe characteristics of a population or a phenomenon (Zikmund, 2003). Likert scale. A measure of attitudes designed to allow respondents to indicate how strongly they agree or disagree with carefully constructed statements that range from very positive to very negative toward an attitudinal object (Zikmund, 2003). Population. A group of entities sharing some common set of characteristics (Zikmund, 2003). Research instrument. A data collection form such as questionnaire or other measuring device (Zikmund, 2003). Theory. A coherent set of general propositions used to explain the apparent relationships among certain observed phenomena (Zikmund, 2003). Variable. Anything that may assume different numerical or categorical values (Zikmund, 2003). Review of Related Literature Literature review gives a clear display of the related research and or the work which is already done by someone in the similar area of research. This chapter outlines the theories which would help in understanding buying behavior of customers by focusing on the factors influencing it. Theoretical Literature The knowledge of consumer shopping behaviour is an important aspect in developing an effective and successful business. Past researches and theories in consumer behaviour compared to the theoretical and empirical work on brand choice behaviour, suggested that consumers are using shopping strategies rather than brand strategies (Darden and Howell, 1987). Defining shopping behaviour is difficult, because it is a complex and multidimensional concept with several variables. Although the concept shopping orientation is described by researchers from various perspectives, certain major variables are repeated in the different descriptions (Prasad and Aryasri, 2011; Nielsen, 2011). The definitions of shopping orientation reflect a view of shopping as a complex personal, economic, social and recreational phenomenon (Darden and Howell, 1987; Shim and Kotsiopulos, 1993). The behaviour of shoppers differs according to the place where they are shopping and their involvement level with the act of shopping (Berman and Evans, 2005). Cardoso and Pinto (2010) examined hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations among Portuguese young adult consumers and identifies seven shopping dimensions: pleasure and gratification shopping, idea shopping, social shopping, role shopping, value shopping, achievement shopping and efficiency related shopping. Related Studies Review of the related literature has shown that different researches have stated that customer behavior is influenced by many factors including store image, brand preferences, their budget and etc. Rhee and Bell (2002) stated that shoppers typically have a primary affiliation to a main store that captures the majority of their purchases. Taher et al. (1996) and Sirohi et al. (1998) emphasise that it is important for retailers to systematically seek information of the retail patronage experience and then plan to build store loyalty based on augmented services, including their financial implications. Research conducted processing of store attributes by means of which consumers decide which will be their primary store. It is empirically examined that retail store attributes affect store choice and purchases (Leszczyc and Timmermans, 1997). Store choice and patronage studies have focused on shoppers tendency to concentrate on the same store. The existing models share a set of common variables to predict consumer buying behaviour and patronage behaviour. In this section, those previously established patronage models are briefly reviewed, and then the important constructs are compared and discussed to build a conceptual foundation of the study. The first comprehensive model to illustrate the structural relationships among influencing variables of store choice behaviour was introduced by Monroe and Guiltinan (1975). In their preliminary model of store choice, Monroe and Guiltinan (1975) proposed that consumers store patronage behaviour in changing context is explained by sequential effects of different constructs: shoppers characteristics, strategies for planning and budgeting, importance of store attributes and perception of stores. Finally, the researcher recommended separation of store perceptions and attributes importa nce, because of the relative endurance and generality of the store perception compared to the importance of store attributes. They additionally suggested the importance of experience with a store in the formation of store choice strategies (Laaksonen, 1993; Monroe and Guiltinan, 1975). Monroe and Guiltinans (1975) retail patronage model was refined by Darden and Howell (1987) who emphasized the importance of enduring and stable shopping orientation determining a shoppers store choice. Darden et al. (1980) developed the patronage model of consumer behavior, which gave a comprehensive picture of patronage behaviour. Terminal values, lifestyles, social class, and family were antecedents to shopping orientations. These antecedents with media habits and instrumental values also affected store attributes importance and the evoked store set. The second part of the model was triggered by stimuli that set needs queue in motion and started the information search that led to the evoked store sort. The evoked store set then influenced store attribute importance leading to patronage intentions and patronage behaviour. Schematic Diagram The following diagram shows that product attribute is independent variable, where the purchase behaviour is dependent variable. Attribute Purchase behavior Synthesis When the employees of an organization are facing stressors situations than this will be affecting their job involvement and pushing the organization to the lower level of the productivity. The job involvement is linked to the importance of the work in individuals routine life, which means that if one is giving importance to his/her work certainly he/she is being loyal to his/her work as well as to the organization itself. Effects of employee stress on the job involvement according to the researcher and theorist in the review of related literature has given the picture that stress is affecting the job involvement that causes low efficiency, low productivity, low interest in working, lack of concern for the colleagues and loss of the responsibility, which is slowly pushing organization to the track of loss. Research Methodology Research methodology is a discussion within the body of a research report of the research design, data collection methods, sampling techniques, fieldwork procedures, and data analysis efforts (Zikmund, 2003). Research Design Research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information. It is a framework or blueprint that plans the action for the research project. The objectives of the study determined during the early stages of the research are included in the design to ensure that the information collected is appropriate for solving the problem. The researcher must also specify the sources of information, the research method or technique (survey or experiment), the sampling methodology, and the schedule and cost of the research (Zikmund, 2003). This particular study was based on descriptive research design, focused on describing the characteristics of customer attributes on purchasing behaviour. It used both primary data and secondary data. After the data was gathered, it was coded (Table 2 and 3, Appendix, Page 8) summarized and conclusions were made according to the final results of the study. Respondent of the Study The population for this study was the customers from one of the retail outlets of Ajmal Perfumes mentioned above. For data collection purposes, the intercept technique was used on population elements which had purchased items from the shop and leaving it at a day of data collection. Data was collected using a questionnaire and 64 customers were surveyed, where 14 customers refused to take a part in the survey. Out of those 64 questionnaires 53 were valid, 11 respondents did not completed the questionnaire. Research Instrument In order to determine the factors affecting buying behavior of customers, the researcher used a questionnaire with questions in prearranged order and Likert scale. The questionnaires were given to the customers of Ajmal Perfumes Murshid Bazaar branch located in Deira, Dubai. Validity of the Research Instrument Validity is the accuracy of a measure or the extent to which a score truthfully represents a concept (Zikmund, 2010). Since the researcher has used a questionnaire which has already been used by proper scientific research study (References, Page 6) the survey did not required a validation. But the questionnaire content has been examined for reliability before the actual survey process and was found usable. Data Collection Procedure The data for this study was collected through primary and secondary sources. The primary data for this research design was gathered by distributing questionnaires among the customers of Ajmal Perfumes Murshid Bazaar branch located in Deira, Dubai. The secondary sources of data were theoretical books, research articles, and related research studies. Statistical Tool Analysis The study used statistics in order to analyze the gathered data by using the percentage in order to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire. The data was coded (Table 2 and 3, Appendix, Page 10) and the appropriate data analytic techniques were used to find out the attributes of the purchasing behavior of stores customers. Descriptive study is undertaken for the purpose to determine and be able to describe the characteristics of the variables of the interest in a situation (Uma Sekaran, 2006). Analysis and Interpretation of data From Table 1 (Appendix, Page 8) and Figure 1 (Appendix, Page 8) which illustrates the outcomes of the study, we can see that the overall results of the study were neutral in general. There was no specific peak in any of the attributes given in the questionnaire. The means for the question 2, question 1, and question 3 with attributes of low price of the products, advertisement of production, and convenient location of the store had the highest means in between 3.32 to 3.21 from overall results. The means for the question 7, question 9, question 4, and question 5 with attributes of credit facility for purchasing our production, recognition of our brand, wide assortments availability and promotional offers by our store were the follow up with the means in between 3.04 to 3.00 from the overall results. The means for the question 10, question 8, and question 6 with attributes of trust on our brand and our production, attractive image of the store, and easy return policy were the lowest with the means in between 2.92 to 2.53 from the overall results. Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations The results of this study shows that the customers rate the attributes almost equally, as the results show the neutral position in almost all the questions, with a small lead in the question 2, question 1 and question 3 accordingly. Conclusions According to the results of the study, we can state that the stores consumers buying behaviour is mostly influenced by the attributes like low price, advertisement and convenient location of the retail outlet of Ajmal Perfumes. Recommendations The recommendations out of this particular study for the managers which concerned at discovering the buying behaviour of consumers would be the following. It is suggested that organise retailers should exercise caution in serving the needs, wants and preferences of potential and existing consumers in order to acquire and retain. The result of the present study will help managers streamline their thoughts to the factors affecting apparel buying behaviour of the consumers before marketing their offerings through organized retail outlets, because the attributes affecting the buying behaviour still remains unknown in most of the cases. References Ajmal Perfumes, Company Profile. Web, 2011 . Berman B, Evans J (2005). Retail Management: A Strategic Approach, Pearson Education, Asia, Singapore. Cardoso PR, Pinto SC. Hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations among Portuguese young adult consumers, Intl journal of retail, 2010. Darden WR, Howell RD. Socialization effects of retail work experience on shopping orientations, J. Acad., 1987. Mark. Leszczyc Peter TLP, Timmermans HJ. Store Switching Behaviour, Marketing Letters, 1997. Monroe KB, Guiltinan JP. A path analytic exploration of retail store patronage influences. Journal of Cons, 1975. Nielsen AC. Indias affluent consumers prefer larger pack sizes to combat inflation, 2011. http://in.nielsen.com/news/20111010.shtml. Prasad Ch. JS, Aryasri AR. Effect of shopper attributes on retail format choice behaviour for food and grocery retailing in India, Intl journal of retail, 2011. Prasad Y. Ramakrishna. A study on attributes influencing the purchasing behaviour of apparel consumers in organized outlets. African Journal of Business Management Vol.6 (45), 2012. Rhee H, Bell DR. The inter store mobility of supermarket shoppers, Intl journal of retail, 2002. Taher A, Leigh TW, French WA. Augmented retail services: the lifetime value of affection, Intl Journal of Bus. Res, 1996. Uma Sekaran.  Research Methods for Business, 4th Edition. John Wiley Sons Inc, New York, 2003. William G. Zikmund, Barry J. Babin, Jon C. Carr, Mitch Griffin. Business Research Methods, 8th Edition. South Western Centage Learning, 2010. ISBN-13: 978-1-4390-8070-2. William G. Zikmund. Business Research Methods, 7th Edition. South Western Educational Publishing, Canada, 2003. ISBN-13:  978-8131500293 Is Media the Fourth Pillar of Democracy? Is Media the Fourth Pillar of Democracy? Media as critics say plays a vital role in democracy. In India, media has always been considered as the fourth pillar of democracy. In the eighties public service broadcaster â€Å"Doordarshan† was the only television channel. The number of national newspapers in circulation was exiguous. The 21st century scenario is different. While the print media has seen a tremendous upsurge with the number of national newspapers increasing in circulation, television news channels have multiplied in numbers. There are more than 25 national news channels and more than 70 national newspapers and magazines now delivering news and happenings across India and the entire globe every minute. Be it Arnab Goswami interviewing Rahul Gandhi in â€Å"Times Now† or spin doctors from various political parties taking part in a debate in the â€Å"Prime Time†, news channels television has always been a front runner in providing information related to almost every happening. Is media really the fourth pillar of democracy in India is matter of concern today. While the role of media is to convey news, views and opinions of citizens in democracy, one must ask how much of the news is accurate. Are the journalists biased? Do they manipulate information? In our democracy media has the responsibilities to be honest, unbiased and more importantly exercise restraint to avoid unnecessary hype for the sake of gaining attention of the gullible public and thereby increase what we call T.R.P. (Television Rating Point). Sadly media has weaponised political parties in India. During 2013’s Anna Haraze’s movement demanding â€Å"Lok Pal Bill† to curb corruption,India witnessed social networking sites like Facebook, Tweeter playing crucial roles. Consequently it led to the formation of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) which Robert Vadra, son-in-law of UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi described as â€Å"Mango People†. Hence, it is undeniable, social networking sites act similar to mainstream television media. BJP Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi nicknamed â€Å"NaMo† in social media has used this platform quite effectively in the recent past than nobody could imagine. A Bunch of ministers in New Delhi used this platform but nobody was able to touch the height that â€Å"NaMo† achieved. So, you cannot deny the fact that social media which is treated as alternative media now comes under the umbrella of mainstream media. Many of politicians own news channel. Now the question arises do these news channels play a role in their political careers? Here, I would like to highlight some of the facts of media that will raise your eyebrows; that will make you ponder whether there is a nexus between media and political parties in India. Many politicians use PR agency to highlight their so called achievement in social media like Facebook or Tweeter as well as in mainstream media. Many political parties have dummy columnists and unofficial spokesman to put forward their agendas in those media. â€Å"The Hindustan Times† is one of the oldest national newspapers in India. Shobhna Bhartia is the Chairperson and Editorial Director of Hindustan Times group. Currently she is an MP in the Rajya Sabha and working for the Congress. Shobhna is the daughter of K.K. Birla who was elected a Rajya Sabha member in 1984 by the Congress party. Political affairs editor of â€Å"The Hindustan Times†, Vinod Sharma is well known debater. Mr. Vinod is a congress spokesman to all TV panels. Insight stories revealed he is behind the Rajya sabha seat presently occupied by his boss, Shobhana Bhartia. Both Vinod Sharma and Shobhna Bhartia’s stand on many issues are pro congress. Veteran journalist Vinod Mehta, ex editor of â€Å"Outlook† magazine, is well known for his pro Congress and anti BJP stands. Presently his affinity towards the AAP is a cause of concern for the Congress. Vir Sanghvi, ex editor of â€Å"Sunday† the now defunct magazine was recently in news for all the wrong reasons of Radiagate scandal. He was another mouthpiece of the Congress party. Narasimhan Ram (N. Ram) is a prominent member of the Kasturi family that controls The Hindu group of publication. The Hindu’s N. Ram, ex editor in chief, was once a vice president of the Student Federation of India (SFI), the student wing of the CPM. Frontline is treated as one of the best national magazines of India. It is owned by N. Ram. He is referred to as the left wing editor and is famous for his stand favouring Maoist-Naxalite. Kumar Ketkar, editor of â€Å"Divya Marathi† and a well known debater in Times Now’s â€Å"News Hours† is an unofficial spokesman of the Congress party. There are reports claiming that he is the one to prepare speeches for Members of the Congress during elections. He is one of the five privileged journalist who got invitation from the PMO (Prime Minister’s Office) for a private press meet in June, 2011. Dileep Padgaokar, a veteran journalist and an interlocutor of JK, has never expressed critical views against the Con gress. Shekhar Gupta, editor in chief of â€Å"The Indian Express† owned by Goenka Group, is yet another mouthpiece of the Congress. Mr Gupta hit the headlines recently for his views against ex General V.K. Singh in the â€Å"The Indian Express†. A regular columnist in â€Å"The Times of India†, Swapan Das Gupta, under the banner of â€Å"Right Wrong†, has been well known for his pro BJP stand in his articles. Rajya Sabha PM and BJP spokesman, Chandan Mitra is the editor in chief of â€Å"The Pioneer†. He is a regular debater in many TV panels in India where he speaks favouring the BJP. Tarun Tejpal owner and ex editor of â€Å"Tehelka† magazine was recently in news for sexual insensibility. He is well known for his pro Congress stand. He has never exposed any scam of the Congress Party during the last ten years tenure of the UPA though he was one of the pioneers in string operation basically done by mainstream media to expose scams. He exposed ex BJP president Bangaru Laxman in 2001. His silence on scams during the UPA regime raises big questions. CPM’s senior member of Politburo and Parliamentary Group Leader, Sitaram Yechury’s wife, Seema Chisthi is the Resident Editor of â€Å"The Indian Express†. Mrs. Seema is known for writing blogs in the internet about left ideology and about her husband. One of highly circulated Hindi national newspaper is â€Å"Dainik Jagaran†, promoted by Mahendra Mohan Gupta. Mr. Gupta has affinity towards the BJP is clearly reflected in his newspaper. Prannoy Roy and his wife Radhika Roy are the promoters of the NDTV. Radhika is Brinda Karat’s sister, a Politburo member of the CPM. She is well known for her views against Ramdev, the yoga guru. Brinda’s husband Prakash Karat is the CPM Politburo General Secretary. He is currently busy making third front in Indian politics by having talks with Jayalalita and other regional parties of India. May be this is the reason why NDTV has never expressed any critical views on CPM and CPI. NDTV is pro Maoist and Naxalite thanks to Prakash Karat. Prannoy Roy’s first cousin Arundhati Roy author of â€Å"The God of Small Things† also needs mention in this regard. Another high profile anchor on NDTV is Sonia Singh, wife of Ratanjit Narain Singh, MP from â€Å"Kushinagar† constituency and Minister of State in Ministry of Home Affairs. She is famous for her pro Congress and anti BJP stands. Nidhi Razdan, the beautiful lady who hosts the programme called â€Å"Left Right Centre† on NDTV is the present girlfriend of JK Chief Minister, Omar Abdullah who recently divorced his wife Payal. Nidhi has never expressed any negative views on Omar Abdullah or his party â€Å"National Conference†. The infamous Barkha Dutta who received the Padma Shri from the UPA Government has always spoken the pros of the congress. She was exposed in the Radiagate scandal in 2013. Rajdeep Sardesai is the editor in chief of CNN IBN promoted by TV 18. He is the son of Indian Cricketer Dilip Sardesai, is famous for his pro Congress agendas. His father in law Bhaskar Ghose was the chief of Prasar Bharati (i.e. Doordarshan) during Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi’s regimes. Bhaskar Ghose was well known for his personal loyalty to the Nehru- Gandhi dynasty. Now his daughter Sagarika Ghose (wife of Rajdeep Sardesai) and son in law use CNN IBN as a platform to promote the Congress. Now let us have an insight into the famous CNN IBN’s media personality Karan Thapar’s story. Before joining CNN IBN he was the host of â€Å"Hard Talk India† on BBC India. He is the son of General Pran Nath Thapar, brother-in-law of Nayantara Sehgal (daughter of Vijaylakshmi Pandit, niece of our first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru). Karan Thapar is believed to be a famous Congress stooge. Shuhasani Heider is another well known journalist on CNN IBN. She is the da ughter of BJP’s Subramaniam Swamy. Mr. Swamy is famous for his pro Hindu agenda. His daughter has never pointed a finger at him. Though Times Now, promoted by Times of India Group has displayed some positive prospects with the aid of services provided by journalists like Arnab Goswami. It is leading in TRP among news channels in India not because of Arnab Goswami’s pro BJP statement but for the scams he exposed in the last three years that includes 2G auction scam, Commonwelth games scam, Caolgate scam, Augusta Wetland scam, FIRs against Jagdish Tytler, Former Railway Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal’s job scam etc. But such positive prospects are a rare occurrence. News 24, the Hindi news channel owned by Rajiv Shukla, the famous Congress MP in Rajya Sabha and Cricket administrator in BCCI is another platform used by the Congress to promote its propaganda. Presently this channel has been busy promoting image makeover for Rahul Gandhi (â€Å"The Congress Prince† as some people say). Similarly Star News, ABP News are reported to broadcast biased reports for the Congress. Whereas Aaj Tak promoted by the India Today Group, was initially known for its pro Congress activity, recently it has become an anti congress lobby. Aaj Tak was famous for Congress spokesman and Supreme Court Lawyer Abhishek Manu Singhvi’s Sex CD scandal. South India displays a much vivid misuse of media in politics. Most of the television news channels are controlled by leading regional political parties. Sun TV Network is owned by Kalanidhi Maran, brother of Dayanidhi Maran, ex Cabinet Minister of Communication and IT of the UPA government who has been exposed in the 2G scam. Sun TV Network owns â€Å"Sun TV†, â€Å"Gemini TV†, â€Å"Teja TV†, â€Å"Surya TV†, ‘Kiran TV†, â€Å"Udaya TV†, â€Å"Surjo TV† among other channels. Murosoli Maran, father of Kalanidhi and Dayanidhi, ex Union Minister from DMK party published the following Tamil magazines- Kungumam, Muththaram, Vannathirai and Sumangali. Murosoli Maran’s uncle M. Karunanidhi, ex Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, from DMK party launched â€Å"Kalaignar TV† in 2007 which is now controlled by his eldest son M.K. Azhagiri. One of the daughters of M. Karunanidhi is Kanimozhi, MP of Rajya Sabha from DMK party who had been imprisoned for 2G scam last year. Kanimozhi conducted programs in â€Å"Sun TV† and â€Å"Vijay TV†. Those mainstream media controlled by DMK party are used for DMK propaganda in Tamil Nadu as well as in other parts of India. The present CM of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalitha, from AIADMK party, is not far behind. She owns the Jaya Network that runs â€Å"Jaya TV† in Tamil Nadu. â€Å"Jaya TV† was effectively used by Jayalalitha to promote herself and her party in last Assembly Elections in Tamil Nadu. Cherukuri Ramoji Rao is a well known business tycoon from South India. He hails from from Andhra Pradesh and owns â€Å"E TV†, which produces contents in Telugu, Marathi, Kannada, Oriya, Bangla, Gujarati Urdu and Hindi. Mr. Ramoji is reported to be close to Chandra Babu Naidu, head of Telugu Desam Party. Mr. Chandra babu has used these electronics media for his party’s propaganda. Assam has also fallen prey to such media misuse activity. Mention may be made here of News Live. Riniki Bhuyan Sharma, wife of Dr. Hemanta Biswa Sharma, the renowned politician of Assam is the managing director of News Live. â€Å"News Live† has always extended its helping hands to the Congress. Jayanta Baruah a business man of Guwahati is the owner of â€Å"News Times Assam†, a regional news channel. Jayanta Baruah had won a ticket for to Rajya Sabha from the AGP (Axom Gana Prarishad). He was not elected to Rajya Sabha thanks to horse trading managed by the Congress. Currently News Times Assam is busy exposing the anomalies of the Congress in Assam. The â€Å"Dainik Protidin†, highly circulated Assamese news paper promoted by Jayanta Baruah is yet another paper that speaks against the congress. A monthly magazine that always speaks in favour of the congress is the â€Å"Eclectic North East†, one of the fast growing monthly magazines of Assam. Gaurav Gogoi (son of Tarun Gogoi, the Chief Minister of Assam) is one of the Directors of the magazine. Gaurav Gogoi will contest the upcoming 2014 General election from â€Å"Kaliabor† constituency. In a nutshell, â€Å"The Hindu† is favoured by the supporters of the left as it reflects their concerns. â€Å"The Pioneer† is rightwings, the editor being a spokesman of BJP. â€Å"The Hindustan Times† is centrist, which favours the Congress. And so on. Be it official or unofficial, political parties have always produced their own spokesperson, groomed for specific television news channels. No doubt Journalists as responsible citizens have the right to freedom of speech and thereby hold political opinions. But what makes a Journalist complete is by being fair, honest and unbiased. A journalist interested in mere politics has always an option to join the political party of his or her own choice and allow journalism stay pure. Ashutosh Gupta, ex Managing Editor of IBN 7, who joined AAP recently, has set an example in this regard. Otherwise, it’s quite advisable that a statutory warning just as we find in cigarette packets be issued.

Public Schools in America :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays Education

Public Schools in America To respond to the statement made by Kozol regarding the nature of public school in America, one must consider the question of what exactly education is for in this country; what is it's purpose. I believe that education is used to produce what Kozol refers to as "good citizens:" "defeated, unprovocative" people that will fill the necessary jobs, pay the necessary taxes, and perform all the other duties put forth by the government such as voting and jury duty. This is why the situation in America's public schools has not changed since the time Kozol wrote The Night Is Dark..., and why things will probably not change without a revolution within the public school system. For my part, I do not think that schools are the places for children to learn morals and ethics. I believe that those are things someone must learn on their own. The method of authority, described by Charles Peirce in his writings, has no place in the formation of anyone's beliefs. Beliefs are totally subjective--that is, there are no "right," or "wrong" beliefs to hold. Therefore, why should the teaching of morals and ethics, which fall into the category of beliefs, be condoned. According to Kozol, "the first act of an ethical child... might well be to start the demolition of a manifestly anti-ethical structure like a public school," and "no institution goes about the conscious task of subsidizing it's own demolition." If public schools are inherently unethical, why would we want them teaching America's children ethics? The answer, of course, is that we would not want them to. If, for arguments sake, the schools were ethical, then teaching ethics to children would not result in "it's own demolition," just a change in how it teaches. Obviously, though, to change the way the public schools teach, the people in power, who currently run the schools, must be removed. They are the ones who will not "subsidize" their own demolition. One of the problems with America's public school system, as well as democracy, is human nature. Once someone is in a position of power, they generally do not want to leave, even if their act of staying is detrimental to the organization they are involved in. The problem of the "lack of morals and ethics" in this country is a large one, however, and is continually growing. It is understandable that some, or maybe a majority of the people, look at the state of the country, and think that reform of the public schools is the answer.

Family Traditions

I always know it is Thanksgiving morning when I awake to the smell of the turkey roasting in the oven and the cinnamon apple spice tea brewing on the stove. The rest of the morning is spent helping my mom and grandmother cooking in our large open kitchen. Every year for as long as I can remember, my grandmother uses my Nana’s recipes when cooking the thick butter garlic mashed potatoes, homemade sweet red cranberry sauce, and the rich creamy dark gravy. On the other hand, my mom and I always cook the French green beans, sausage and bread stuffing, and also our homemade pumpkin pie together. While the women spend most of the early afternoon in the kitchen getting things ready, the men normally gather in the living room and watch sports or play a board game on the coffee table. It is a rule in our house that no man is allowed in the kitchen while we are cooking unless he is coming to help with dishes; otherwise the men eat all the food as it is being prepared. Thanksgiving is a day where my entire family can get together and enjoy excellent food as well as each other’s company. My father who lives in the beautiful Birmingham, Alabama drives down every year the day before Thanksgiving and stays with us throughout the weekend. He always brings the finest fresh sweet tea and homemade peach cobbler you can find in Alabama which are essential to our Thanksgiving meal. However, my maternal grandparents drive down from Memphis, Tennessee and bring along with them a small present for each of the kids; which include my two brothers, Jonathan and Harrison, and my sister Allies. Even though this is a day for my family to spend time together, we have always welcomed anyone without a place to go or family to be with to spend it with us as well. Some of the past years we have had neighbors join us and also friends of the children. After we all eat we go outside and plays tackle football. I and my dad are usually the captains. I’ve won the past couple years due to the fact of young age. Some games get to intense due to the fact that my cousin has broken a wrist for being so soft. Playing football has to be my favorite because I love sports and beating my cousin who hates losing to me because everyone thinks I’m a better athlete. I also love beating my little brother. Next we watch the football that is always on ESPN. My uncle is a huge football fan so he is always looking to take bets. One year I bet my uncle 20 pushups the Detroit Lions would lose and of course I won the bet and my uncle had to twenty pushups but he only did like ten due to the fact that he is badly out of shape. I love my family holidays and my family traditions.

The Lexical Approach in Language Teaching

The Lexical Approach in Language Teaching In language teaching, a set of principles based on the observation that an understanding of words and word combinations (chunks) is the primary method of learning a language. The idea is that, rather than have students memorize lists of vocabulary, they would learn commonly used phrases.   The term lexical approach was introduced in 1993 by Michael Lewis, who observed that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalised grammar (The Lexical Approach, 1993). The lexical approach is not a single, clearly defined method of language instruction. Its a commonly used term thats poorly understood by most. Studies of literature on the subject often show that its used in contradictory ways. It is largely based on the assumption that certain words will elicit a response with a specific set of words. Students would be able to learn which words are connected in this way. Students are expected to learn the grammar of languages based on recognizing patterns in words.  Ã‚   Examples and Observations The Lexical Approach implies a decreased role for sentence grammar, at least until post-intermediate levels. In contrast, it involves an increased role for word grammar (collocation and cognates) and text grammar (suprasentential features).(Michael Lewis, The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward. Language Teaching Publications, 1993) Methodological Implications The methodological implications of [Michael Lewiss]  Lexical Approach (1993, pp. 194-195) are as follows: - Early emphasis on receptive skills, especially listening, is essential.- De-contextualized vocabulary learning is a fully legitimate strategy.- The role of grammar as a receptive skill must be recognized.- The importance of contrast in language awareness must be recognized.- Teachers should employ extensive, comprehensible language for receptive purposes.- Extensive writing should be delayed as long as possible.- Nonlinear recording formats (e.g., mind maps, word trees) are intrinsic to the Lexical Approach.- Reformulation should be the natural response to student error.- Teachers should always react primarily to the content of student language.- Pedagogical chunking should be a frequent classroom activity. (James Coady, L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: A Synthesis of the Research. Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Rationale for Pedagogy, ed. by James Coady and Thomas Huckin. Cambridge University Press, 1997) Limitations While the lexical approach can be a quick way for students to pick up phrases, it doesnt foster much creativity. It can have the negative side effect of limiting peoples responses to safe fixed phrases. Because they dont have to build responses, they dont need to learn the intricacies of language.   Adult language knowledge consists of a continuum of linguistic constructions of different levels of complexity and abstraction. Constructions can comprise concrete and particular items (as in words and idioms), more abstract classes of items (as in word classes and abstract constructions), or complex combinations of concrete and abstract pieces of language (as mixed constructions). Consequently, no rigid separation is postulated to exist between lexis and grammar.(Nick C. Ellis, The Emergence of Language As a Complex Adaptive System. The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics, ed. by James Simpson. Routledge, 2011)

Complete List Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests

Complete List Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Does applying to college make you feel like you're trying to walk through a door but don't yet have the keys? To gain access, first you need to understand exactly what the colleges you're interested in require. This can betricky with the SAT Subject Tests, as different colleges have different policies. We've compiled a comprehensive list of all the colleges that require SAT Subject Tests, along with others that recommend or consider them as part of your application. As policies are continually changing, always double-check with the school about their standardized testing requirements. Let us know in the comments if we need to make any updates! Because our list is comprehensive and definitive, this page is pretty long. Make sure you scroll all the way to the bottom to read our tips on which SAT Subject Tests you should take and otherstrategies. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Raise Your SATScore by 160 Points(Free Download) Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests This chart shows the standardized testing policies for 2017/2018. We've marked four policies towards the Subject Tests: required, recommended, considered, and alternative. Required means you have to take the SAT Subject Tests. In a few cases, as you'll see, colleges will accept the ACT in lieu of the Subject Tests. Some colleges require one subject test, while other colleges (typically those that are more selective) require two. Recommended is a little vague, as it leaves the decision up to you whether or not to send SAT Subject Test scores. If you can achieve high scores or want to make up for a low SAT score, then it's a good idea to send Subject Test scores to these schools. If your scores are low and will look like an outlier on your application, you might be better served not sending them. In most of these cases, though, colleges will likely appreciate that you took on the extra challenge and can demonstrate subject mastery. Considered means that the colleges do not necessarily expect your SAT Subject Test scores, but they will factor them in if you decide to send them. If you have a real interest in a particular subject or it's connected to your future academic and/or professional goals, then it may enhance your application to send a (strong) Subject Test score. Alternative means that colleges have unique policies that may be test flexible. For more on this, check out the full list of test optional and test flexible schools here. Furthermore, some schools accept the ACT + Writing in lieu of the SAT and Subject Tests. In other words, you can submit the SAT + two Subject Tests or the ACT + Writing. We've indicated that in the 3rd column below. We've sorted the list alphabetically for your convenience. Find all yourschools of interest, and scroll down to the end to read our tips on SAT Subject Tests. College Category ACT in Lieu of SAT and Subject Tests? Policy Amherst College Considered Applicants who wish to submit Subject Test results may do so for consideration as part of the application evaluation process. Barnard College Considered Subject tests are not required, but will be considered if submitted. Boston College Considered SAT II Subject Tests are optional. If you would like to highlight a talent in a specific area, you are welcome to submit SAT Subject Tests for consideration with your application. Subject Tests, particularly in foreign languages and the sciences, may be used for placement during the first year. Boston University Considered [Req for Special Programs] Accelerated medical and dental programs require Subject Tests in Chemistry and Math 2. A Subject Test in a foreign language is also recommended for these programs. Bowdoin College Considered [Req forstudents who were homeschooled or attended high schools with no grades] Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Applicants for whom subject tests are required should take Math Level 1 or 2 and a science. Brown University Recommended (2) Liberal Medical Education Applicants should submit at least one Subject Test in either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics Bucknell University Considered Students may submit their SAT Subject Test scores as supplemental information to their application. Bucknell does recommend the test in foreign language for any student planning to enroll in foreign language coursework. California Institute of Technology Required (2) Requires Specific Tests: SAT Subject Test Math Level 2, and one SAT Subject Test in science. Carleton College Considered Applicants may submit the results of their SAT subject tests."We have found these tests valuable aids in the assessment of the quality of student achievement in a wide variety of secondary school programs. It has been our experience that SATsubject test results usually enhance a candidate's credentials and only rarely constitute a negative factor." Carnegie Mellon University Recommended for most programs Two SAT Subject Tests are recommended, in addition to the SAT/ACT, except for the College of Fine Arts. Claremont McKenna Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Homeschooled students are required to submit two SAT Subject Tests, one of which must be math. Colby College Alternative Two SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. College of the Holy Cross Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Colorado College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. The tests must include one quantitative, one writing/verbal, and a third of your choice. Columbia University Considered The SAT Subject Test scores are not required, but Columbia will accept scores from theexams if you choose to submit them. You will not be at a disadvantage should you choose not to take the tests or submit the scores to Columbia. Connecticut College Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Cooper Union Required [Engineering Only] (2) All Engineering applicants must submit two SAT II subject test scores. One must be in Math (Level 1 or 2) and the other must be in either Physics or Chemistry. Architecture and Art applicants are not required to submit SAT II scores. Cornell University Required [Arts and Sciences and Engineering only] Subjects of your choice for Arts and Sciences; math and a science of your choice for Engineering. Dartmouth College Recommended "We recommend that you submit two SAT Subject Test scores to help us better understand your academic strengths. We encourage you to take tests in the two subjects you like the most. If you submit more than two subject test scores, we will look at your two best scores. Alternately, if you do not submit subject test scores, it will not prevent your candidacy from receiving a full review by the Admissions Committee." Davidson College Considered If applicants have taken SAT Subject Tests, Davidson welcomes but does not require those scores. Duke University Recommended Yes For those students who submit the SAT, two subject tests strongly recommended. Emory University Recommended [Req for homeschooled applicants] "SAT II subject exams are encouraged, but not required. Students are encouraged to submit SAT subject exam scores for academics areas of strength and/or interest. Since these exams are not required, students have the choice of which subject exams they want to report. Do note that we request home-schooled applicants submit scores from three SAT II subject exams." Franklin Olin College of Engineering Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. George Washington University Considered[Req Special Programs] (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are required in science and mathematics for the Seven Year BA/MD program. Georgetown University Recommended [Strongly] (3) Strongly Recommended: Three SAT Subject Tests. Hamilton College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT.One must be a verbal or writing/essay test, one must be a quantitative test, and the third is your choice. Harvard College Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT, except in special circumstances: "While we normally require two SAT Subject Tests, you may apply without them if the cost of taking the tests represents a financial hardship or if you prefer to have your application considered without them...If your first language is not English, a Subject Test in your first language may be less helpful." Harvey Mudd College Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are required. One must be in Math Level 2; the other can be in any subject the student chooses. Ithaca College Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. SAT Subject Tests are still considered optional supplements for homeschooled applicants. Johns Hopkins University Considered "Applicants may also choose to submit SAT Subject Tests in one or more areas of interest as a way to demonstrate an academic strength. We will consider the two highest Subject Test scores when reviewing applications, but your application will not be negatively affected if you choose not to submit Subject Test scores." Lafayette College Recommended Subject Tests are recommended to strengthen your application. Lehigh University Recommended SAT Subject Tests are not required for admissions but are recommended as college credit may be awarded for scores of 700 or higher. Macalester College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT. Specific tests required: Math (Level 1 or Level 2) and either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics McGill University Required (2) Yes SAT + two SAT Subject Tests Required , OR ACT with Writing Middlebury College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. Mills College Considered [Required for homeschooled applicants] In addition to first-year student requirements, homeschool students will need to submit official results of the GED or the California High School Proficiency Examination and two SAT subject tests New York University Alternative Test requirements satisfied by fulfilling one of the following: SAT (essay not required) ACT (writing not required) Three Subject Tests Three AP exams The International Baccalaureate Diploma Three IB higher-level exams (if a student is not an IB Diploma candidate) Students who choose to submit three SAT Subject Tests, AP or IB scores must submit one in literature or the humanities, one in math or science, and one of the student's choice. Northwestern University Considered "SAT subject tests are optional. Subject exams...allow students to demonstrate their skill level(s) in a particular area. However, subject tests may be from topics outside of your potential major. Prospective students who do not submit SAT subject test results will not be penalized; we recognize that many applicants may not have the opportunity to sign up for the exams." Oberlin College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Occidental College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Pomona College Considered [Recommended for homeschooled applicants] SAT Subject Test scores are optional. In addition to the SAT or ACT test results, home-schooled students are encouraged, although not required, to submit results of at least two SAT Subject or Advanced Placement exams Pratt Institute Considered[Req Architecture] Bachelor of Architecture applicants are recommended to take the Math Level 1 or Level 2 Subject Test. Princeton University Recommended(2) "We recommend, but do not require, the submission of two SAT Subject tests. If you intend to pursue a B.S.E. degree, we recommend you take one SAT Subject Test in either physics or chemistry and one SAT Subject Test in mathematics (Level I or II)." Reed College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Considered [Req for Special Programs] Yes Applicants to the accelerated programs in law or medicine must submit two SAT Subject Tests (one math and one science). Rice University Required (2) Yes Two SAT Subject Tests in fields related to proposed area of study are required. Smith College Considered SAT II subject tests are optional for all applicants. Stanford University Considered "Stanford requires just one exam- either the SAT with Essay or the ACT with Writing. All other exams are optional. Because additional scores can assist us in our evaluation process, we welcome the self-reporting of these results in your application." Stevens Institute of Technology Considered [Req for Special Programs] Subject Tests in Math (Level 1 or 2) and either Chemistry or Biology are required for the Accelerated Medical Program. Swarthmore College Considered Subject Tests are not required for admission, but will be considered if submitted. Prospective engineers are encouraged to submit the Math 2 Subject Test. Tufts University Required (2) Yes Tufts requires either the SAT (without the optional essay) plus two SAT Subject Tests, or the ACT (the writing section will no longer be required.) Engineering applicants submitting Subject Tests are advised to take math and either physics or chemistry. Students considering a major in mathematics or the sciences are advised to take math and a science test. Union College Considered [Req for Special Programs] Yes Test Optional. Students applying to the Leadership in Medicine programare required to submit one math and one science Subject Test along with the SAT. Alternatively, applicants can submit the ACT in lieu of both SAT and Subject Tests. University of California, Berkeley Recommended Scores from SAT Subject Tests can be used to showcase academic mastery. University of California, Davis Considered SAT Subject Tests are not required and UC Davis will consider submitted SAT Subject Test scores only if they benefit the applicant. University of California, Irvine Recommended Submission of SAT Subject Test scores is not required but may add positively to the review of your application. University of California, Los Angeles Recommended for Some Programs School of Engineering and Applied Sciences recommends Math Level 2 and a science test related to the applicant's intended major. University of California, Merced Considered The SAT Subject Tests are not required. However, you are welcome to submit scores if you would like to: Use Subject Tests to satisfy â€Å"a-g† subject requirements. Show your mastery of a particular subject or set of subjects. University of California, Riverside Recommended for Some Programs UC Riverside does not require SAT Subject Tests, but some academic departments and highly competitive majors recommend them. Applicants should take the Math 2 Subject Test and either Chemistry or Physics if they are interested in Bourns College of Engineering (BCOE) or the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (CNAS). University of California, San Diego Recommended for Some Programs Biological or physical science applicants and applicants to the School of Engineering should take Math Level 2 and a science Subject Test related to the applicant's intended major. University of California, Santa Barbara Recommended for Some Programs Two SAT Subject Tests closely related to your major are recommended for engineering, biological or physical sciences majors. If taking a math subject test, Math Level 2 is required. University of California, Santa Cruz Considered UCSC does not use the SAT Subject Tests for selection purposes, but you can use SAT Subject Tests to satisfy the "a-g" UC requirements. University of Chicago Considered If you have done exceptionally well on a particular subject test and would like to show us, feel free to send us that score. University of Georgia Recommended Subject Tests are recommended to strengthen your application. University of Miami Considered [Req for Special Programs] Honors Program in Medicine and Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology require minimum scores of 600 on a math Subject Test and on a science Subject Test. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Considered You may submit supplemental scores from AP, IB or SAT Subject tests if you think they are a good reflection of your mastery of the material. University of Notre Dame Considered SAT Subject Tests, AP, and IB tests are only used in the application process if scores enhance an application. University of Pennsylvania Considered SAT Subject Tests are recommended but not required. Applicants who do not take SAT Subject Tests will not be at a disadvantage in the admissions process. Penn recommends any two subject tests to Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciencesapplicants; Science (preferably Chemistry) for Nursing applicants; Math Level 2 and a science test (preferably physics for Engineering students) to STEM applicants; and Math Level 2 to Business applicants. University of Rochester Alternative Two SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. University of Southern California Optional [Req for homeschooled students] "We require SAT Subject tests only from first-year applicants who do not attend a regionally accredited high school (such as home school, some non-accredited parochial or community based programs, even some newer schools). These students must submit three SAT Subject exams, including one in mathematics, in addition to the SAT or ACT. For all other applicants, these exams are optional." University of Virginia Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Vanderbilt University Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Vassar College Considered SAT Subject Tests are not required, and students opting not to send Subject Tests will not be penalized. However, SAT Subject Tests will be considered if submitted as part of a testing profile. Subject Tests may enhance an applicant’s credentials, particularly for applicants from non-traditional school backgrounds (homeschooled, non-graded schools, etc.). Note that a strong score on an SAT Subject Test is also one way to fulfill Vassar’s Foreign Language Proficiency requirement. Wake Forest University Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Subject Test Scores may be self-reported. Washington and Lee University Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Washington University in St. Louis Considered "We will only consider them if they strengthen your application." Webb Institute Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT. Specific tests required: Math Level 1 or 2 and Chemistry or Physics. Wellesley College Considered Some candidates may wish to provide additional testing to demonstrate particular academic strengths. Wesleyan University Considered [Req for some students] Test Optional for US and Canadian students. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Candidates applying from secondary schools that provide written evaluations in place of traditional grades or students who have been homeschooled, attend online high schools, or who are enrolled in other non-traditional secondary school programs are required to submit ACT results or the SAT and two or more SAT Subject Tests. Worcester Polytechnic Institute Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Yale University Recommended "SAT Subject Tests are recommended but not required. Applicants who do not take SAT Subject Tests will not be disadvantaged in the application process. We will consider your application on the basis of the other testing, and all the other information, that we receive with your application. You may wish to consider whether there are particular areas of academic strength you would like to demonstrate to the Admissions Committee. Subject Tests can be one way to convey that strength. " Other Schools that Require or Recommend SAT Subject Tests College Board also suggests that the following additional schools use SAT Subject Tests when they determine admission. If you're interested in any of these schools, look up their website or give them a call to find out if they're schools that require SAT Subject Tests or simply consider them for admission. Agnes Scott College Cleary University Kennesaw State University Queens College (City University of New York) Thomas University University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez Albertus Magnus College Drew University Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Randolph-Macon College Trinity Christian College University of Puerto Rico at Ponce Alderson-Broaddus College Eastern Nazarene College Lamar University Savannah State University Trinity College University of Puerto Rico at Utuado American Baptist College Eckerd College Marietta College Seattle Pacific University Union University University of the Pacific American University of Puerto Rico Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts Massachusetts Maritime Academy Shimer College University of Central Oklahoma University of Waterloo Arizona State University Felician College Medgar Evers College (City University of New York) Simpson University University of Delaware University of West Florida Armstrong Atlantic State University Fordham University Mercyhurst University Skidmore College University of Great Falls Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology Baptist University of the Americas Friends University Meredith College Soka University of America University of Maine at Fort Kent Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bryn Mawr College George Mason University Missouri Southern State University South Carolina State University University of Mary Washington Wagner College Buffalo State College Georgia College and State University Moody Bible Institute Southern Methodist University University of Massachusetts Boston Warner Pacific College California Baptist University Gettysburg College Morgan State University Southern Oregon University University of Michigan Washington Jefferson College Carroll College Grace Bible College Mount Holyoke College St. Bonaventure University University of Nebraska - Kearney Webb Institute Catholic University of America Haverford College North Carolina State University St. Joseph's College - Long Island Campus University of North Dakota West Virginia Wesleyan College Champlain College Hellenic College Northern Arizona University St. Lawrence University University of North Georgia Whittier College Chapman University Hillsdale College Northwood University State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry University of Oregon Whitworth University Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Hofstra University Ohio Valley University State University of New York Institute of Technology University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla Williams College Clarkson University Huston-Tillotson University Oregon State University Stillman College University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo Clayton State University Indiana University Bloomington Principia College Texas AM University - Galveston University of Puerto Rico at Humacao You'll have to check with the individual schools to see if they have a preference for exactly which subject tests you take. Some engineering and technical schools, for example, prefer that you take math and science Subject Tests. MIT and Caltech both require one math and one science, with CalTech only accepting the Math Level 2 Subject Test. Selective liberals arts schools tend to prefer a wide range of academic strengths and interests, so your best bet might be pairing a Subject Test in the humanities, like Literature or History, with one in math or science. Scoring high on a language test is also a valuable asset to add to your application, as colleges appreciate students with language skills and global competencies as they build their multicultural student body. Now that you have a sense of the SAT Subject Test requirements, what are your next steps? SAT Subject Tests: Final Thoughts As with all parts of your application, make sure you're aware of all the requirements, recommendations, and best approaches. Especially since policies are becoming more and more flexible, always double check with your school of interest to make sure you understand what they want. If you are applying to a test flexible school, you may be able to present your highest score through AP tests or the SAT Subject Tests. Reflect on your strengths and weaknesses, take some practice tests, and get a sense of where you will perform best. SAT Subject Tests may seem daunting, but they're actually closely aligned with the exams you take in class. If you're particularly interested in studying the natural world, reading and analyzing literature, solving geometry, or communicating in another language, then they might present a great opportunity for you to highlight your strengths and your own unique passions and interests. What's Next? Click here to see the full list of SAT Subject Tests and learn how to choose which tests are best for you. Another important consideration is when to take the Subject Tests, especially since you might also be taking the SAT, ACT, AP exams, and finals. This article tells you all the dates on which the various Subject Tests are offered and offers some advice on your most effective schedule. Are you also taking the SAT? The SAT requires a lot of prep to score well, and first you have to figure out when to make time to prep in your busy schedule. Read all about when you should begin to study so you can maximize your scores. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

The influence of IT on Supply Chain Management Systems Dissertation

The influence of IT on Supply Chain Management Systems - Dissertation Example About the organization 2. Literature review 3. Dissertation methodology 4. Ethical considerations 5. Findings and analysis 6. Discussions 7. Limitations of the study 8. Conclusions 9. Works cited The influence of IT on Supply Chain Management Systems 1. Introduction 1.1. Background Business organizations operate in a competitive environment in which different players scramble for the market share. The organizations strive to be attractive to clients by offering services that are exceptional and conventionally accepted that are unique to the company. This aim of business organizations is not always achieved due to the other challenging forces in the in the industry. The overall costs of operation are often high at certain instances while the customers are attracted to competitive (lower) prices for different products and services. The organizations also experience labor shortage or heavy loads of tasks on the employees that slow down the operations at the organization. This leads to o verall reduced output of the employees. The manual systems that are applied by certain organizations in their operations are not only slow but are also subject to errors that can lead to huge losses to the organization. This situation has been corrected in many business organizations with the recent development of information technology. The use of information technology has improved operations in various business organizations through excellent information management. ... Two or more organizations that have a direct link of this nature form a supply chain (Mentzer, 5). There is need for proper coordination of the processes involved in the conveyance of these products, services, or finances across the supply chain. Supply chains are encountered in both the service and manufacturing industries, though with some deviations across the industries (Ganeshan & Harrison, 1). Supply chain management is the science and art applied in improving the business functions through enhanced flow of information with an aim of improving long-term productivity and customer satisfaction (Wailgum & Worthen, 1; Mentzer, 2). These steps are hardly implemented with the traditional manual system. The introduction of modern technology and the integration of the technology into supply chain management have improved the operations of many organizations. Competition then becomes between organizations and between their supply chains as well (Xia-feng, 72). Tigo Ghana is one organiza tion that has recently integrated information technology into its supply chain management in order to improve its operations. This study investigates the roles that information technology has played in the improvement of supply chain management at Tigo Ghana, a telecommunications company in Ghana. It performs an analysis of the significant milestones that have been witnessed in the telecommunication company since the beginning of technology-based supply chain management. This study focuses on the role that IT has played in improving the operations in supply chain management of the organization. 1.2. The research question The research entails an investigation of the influence of information technology on supply-chain management

Conclusion for a business proposal for Jamba Juice Essay

Conclusion for a business proposal for Jamba Juice - Essay Example It has carefully considered the target market, the potential customer bases and the ability to grow to capture the largest section of the San Antonio Airport customers. Jamba Juice has the potential of becoming a highly regarded resource both in the local market at Sana Antonio Airport, regional and the international market. Due to its aggressive marketing plan and strategy, carefully developed products, unique identity in the industry, strategic partnerships and its profitable revenue models, it has the capability and potential to give the prospective investors lucrative returns within a short time. For the business to achieve the status of the industry leader and the number one store in the airport, it must secure the initial capital. This will be used for the startup cost, establishing a reputable store front within the airport, business infrastructure, extensive marketing and product development (Maynard & Warren, 2014). Provided that the company gets this funding, Jamba Juice will achieve its operational success for many years to